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<meta name="description" content="胆红素是胆色素的一种，是人胆汁中的主要色素，呈橙黄色。胆红素是体内铁卟啉化合物的主要代谢产物，有毒性，可对大脑和神经系统引起不可逆的损害，但也有抗氧化剂功能，可以抑制亚油酸和磷脂的氧化。胆红素是临床上判定黄疸的重要依据，也是肝功能的重要指标。...">
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<div style="width:0;height:0;clear:both"></div><dl class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-">
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<h1 >胆红素</h1>
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</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">胆红素是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%86%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0/2140576" data-lemmaid="2140576">胆色素</a>的一种，是人胆汁中的主要色素，呈橙黄色。胆红素是体内铁<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%9F%E5%95%89">卟啉</a>���合物的主要代谢产物，有毒性，可对大脑和神经系统引起不可逆的损害���但也有抗氧化剂功能，可以抑制亚油酸和磷脂的氧化。胆红素是临床上判定<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BB%84%E7%96%B8/2456805" data-lemmaid="2456805">黄疸</a>的重要依据，也是肝功能的重要指标。</div>
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<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
胆红素
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
Bilirubin
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">CAS</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
635-65-4
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">EINECS</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
211-239-7
</dd>
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<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-4">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">理化性质</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">分类</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">来源</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">形成</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">运输</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">生理功能</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_1">抗氧化功能</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_2">对肝细胞再生</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_3">对中药的作用</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">异常代谢</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">8</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8">胆红素过高</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_1">偏高体症</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_2">偏高原因</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_3">偏高危害</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8_4">偏高治疗</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">9</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9">婴儿胆红素高</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9_1">正常值</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9_2">生理性黄疸</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9_3">病理性黄疸</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">10</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#10">注意事项</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">11</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11">化学品</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_1">分子结构数据</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_2">计算化学数据</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_3">物理化学性质</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_4">合成方法</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#11_5">用途说明</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="理化性质" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>理化性质</h2>
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</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:250px; float: right;">
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			href="/pic/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0/111875/0/8d5494eef01f3a29b905e1169825bc315d607c1c?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
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</a>
</div>胆红素属于二甲川胆色素（biladiene）的一种胆汁色素。为红褐色的色素体，不溶于水，难溶于醇、醚、易溶于碱。最大吸收为432纳米（碱中），540纳米（氯仿中）。人和肉食动物的胆汁中含量丰富。血液胆红素，在加入重氮试剂而出现的红-紫色的Hijman van den Bergh反应中，存在着两种型：一种是不加醇就出现阳性的直接型，另一种是加入醇才显色的间接型。第一种型是单或双葡糖醛酸（酯），第二种是游离型，是血红蛋白的正常代谢产物，可通过胆绿素的还原形成，如进一步还原，经乙烯基变成乙基的中胆红素C30H40O6N，次甲基全为氢所饱和，形成中胆色烷（mesobilirubinogen）（尿胆素原）C33H44O6N4</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">胆红素是由红细胞中的血色素所制造的色素，红细胞有固定的寿命（正常红细胞的平均寿命约为120天），每日都会有所毁坏。此时，血色素会分解成为正铁血红素(haem)和血红素。正铁血红素在NADPH和H离子作用下生成胆绿素.三价Fe离子和CO，胆绿素再在NADPH和H离子作用下生成胆红素。血红素则会重新制成组织蛋白。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">由于胆红素有毒性，胆红素入血后形成胆红素-清蛋白复合物。在进入肝之前胆红素-清蛋白复合物分离成胆红素和清蛋白，即间接胆红素。进入肝后胆红素会与肝内Y蛋白和Z蛋白结合成胆红素-Y蛋白和胆红素-Z蛋白，这个反应是可逆的。胆红素-Y蛋白和胆红素-Z蛋白在UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转化酶的作用下生成葡萄糖醛酸胆红素，即结合胆红素。结合胆红素随着胆汁进入小肠，在小肠内脱掉葡萄糖醛酸再次生成胆红素，胆红素生成胆素原，胆素原进一步氧化成黄褐色��胆素，这就是粪便的主要颜色。在小肠里的胆素原可以经过肠肝循环再��到达肝，但这部分的胆素原大部分仍以原形排到肠道，这部分称为粪胆原。一小部分的胆素原进入体循环，并随尿排出。它是尿颜色的来源之一，是尿液中主要的色素，这部分称为尿胆原。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">红细胞受到破坏有溶血现象时，会变成间接型高胆红素血症。此外，当肝细胞有异常时会引起直接型、间接型高胆红素血症，胆管、胆道系统阻塞时，会引起直接型高胆红素血症。有异常值时的处理方法配合其他检查结果确实掌握病情，再治疗致病的原因。依不同的情况可分别采取急性肝衰竭处置、血液透析、肝外胆汁淤滞紧急处置等方法。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">除了新生儿之外，一般人的值大致固定，并无年龄上的差异。此外，饮食与运动也几乎不会引起变动，但长时间绝食后会有上升的趋势<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="分类" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>分类</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">总<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:150px; float: right;">
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			href="/pic/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0/111875/0/8a95ad1cc12219cb87d6b6c1?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="胆红素" style="width:150px;height:150px;">
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</a>
<span class="description">
胆红素
</span>
</div>胆红素：间接胆红素偏高，直接胆红素偏高，说明肝细胞性黄疸，肝细胞受到损害，肝功能减退，肝脏不能完全将间接胆红素转化为直接胆红素，同时肝内胆管受压引起了排泄障碍，直接胆红也不能完全排到胆道，同时有可能伴有急性黄疸型肝炎，慢性活动性肝炎，肝硬化，肝癌等疾病。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">直接胆红素：说明是由阻塞性黄疸造成的。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">间接胆红素：说明可能是溶血性黄疸造成的，直接胆红素升高也可能会有输血时血型不合，贫血等原因</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在肝功能化验里，胆红素正常值范围如下：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">[总胆红素]1.71～21μmol/L（0.1mg/dl～1.0mg/dl）</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">[直接胆红素]0～7.32μmol/L （0～0.2mg/dl）</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">[间接胆红素0～13.68μmol/L（0～0.8mg/dl）<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="来源" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>来源</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">体内含卟啉的化合物有血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶及细胞色素等。成人每日约产生250～350mg胆红素，胆红素来源主要有：①80%～85%的胆红素来自衰老的红细胞崩解。②约15%左右是由在造血过程中尚未成熟的红细胞在骨髓中被破坏（骨髓内无效性红细胞生成）而形成的。③少量来自含血红素蛋白（hemoprotein），如肌红蛋白、过氧化物酶、细胞色素等的破坏分解。有人把这种不是由衰老红细��分解而产生的胆红素称为“旁路性胆红素”。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="形成" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>形成</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肝、脾、骨髓等单核吞噬细胞系统将衰老的和异常的红细胞吞噬，分解血红蛋白，生成和释放游离胆红素，这种胆红素是非结合性的（未与葡萄糖醛酸等结合）、脂溶性的，在水中溶解度很小，在血液中与血浆白蛋白结合。由于其结合很稳定，并且难溶于水，因此不能由肾脏排出。胆红素定性试验呈间接阳性反应。故称这种胆红素为未结合胆红素。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肝细胞对胆红素的处理，包括三个过程。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">“摄取”：未结合胆红素随血流至肝脏，很快就被肝细胞摄取，与肝细胞载体蛋白Y蛋白和Z蛋白结合（这两种载体蛋白，以Y蛋白为主，能够特异地结合包括胆红素在内的有机阴离子）被动送至滑面内质网。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">“结合”：Y蛋白—胆红素和Z蛋白—胆红素在滑面内质网内，未结合胆红素通过微粒体的UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶（UDPGA）的作用，与葡萄糖醛酸结合，转变为结合胆红素。结合胆红素主要的是胆红素双葡萄糖醛酸酯，另外有一部分结合胆红素为胆红素硫酸酯。这种胆红素的特点是水溶性大，能从肾脏排出，胆红素定性试验呈直接阳性反应。故称这种胆红素为结合胆红素。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">“分泌”：结合胆红素在肝细胞浆内，与胆汁酸盐一起，经胆汁分泌器（高尔基复合体在细胞分泌过程中有重要作用），被分泌入毛细胆管，随胆汁排出。由于毛细胆管内胆红素浓度很高，故胆红素由肝细胞内分泌入毛细胆管是一个较复杂的耗能过程。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">体内红细胞不断更新，衰老的红细胞由于细胞膜的变化被网状内皮细胞识别并吞噬，在肝、脾及骨髓等网状内皮细胞中，血红蛋白被分解为珠蛋白和血红素。血红素在微粒体中血红素加氧酶(bemeoxygenase)催化下，血红素原卟啉IX环上的α次甲基桥(=CH-)的碳原子两侧断裂，使原卟啉IX环打开，并释出CO和Fe3+和胆绿素IX(biliverdin)。Fe3+可被重新利用，CO可排出体外。线性四���咯的胆绿素进一步在胞液中胆绿素还原酶(辅酶为NADPH)的催化下，迅速被还原为胆红素。　血红素加氧酶是胆红素生成的限速酶，需要O2和NADPH参加，受底物血红素的诱导。而同时血红素又可作为酶的辅基起活化分子氧的作用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">用X线衍射分析胆红素的分子结构表明，胆红素分子内形成氢键而呈特定的卷曲结构分子中Ⅲ、Ⅳ两个吡咯环之间是单键连接。因此，Ⅲ环与Ⅳ环能自由旋转。在一定的空间位置，Ⅲ环上的丙酸基的羧基可与Ⅳ环，Ⅰ环上亚氨基的氢和Ⅰ环上的羰基形成氢键；Ⅳ环上的丙酸基的羧基也与Ⅱ环、Ⅲ环上亚氨基的氢和Ⅱ环上的羰基形成氢键。这6个氢键的形成使整个分子卷曲成稳定的构象。把极性基团封闭在分子内部，使胆红素显示亲脂、疏水的特性<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="运输" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>运输</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在生理pH条件下胆红素是难溶于水的脂溶性物质，在网状内皮细胞中生成的胆红素能自由透过细胞膜进入血液，在血液中主要与血浆白蛋白或α1球蛋白(以白蛋白为主)结合成复合物进行运输。这种结合增加了胆红素在血浆中的溶解度，便于运输；同时又限制胆红素自由透过各种生物膜，使其不致对组织细胞产生毒性作用，每个白蛋白分子上有一个高亲和力结合部位和一个低亲和力结合部位。每分子白蛋白可结合两分子胆红素。在正常人每100ml血浆的血浆白蛋白能与20-25mg胆红素结合，而正常人血浆胆红素浓度仅为0.1-1.0mg/dl，所以正常情况下，血浆中的白蛋白足以结合全部胆红素。但某些有机阴离子如磺胺类、脂肪酸、胆汁酸、水杨酸等可与胆红素竞争与白蛋白结合，从而使胆红素游离出来，增加其透入细胞的可能性。过多的游离胆红素可与脑部基底核的脂类结合，并干扰脑的正常功能，称胆红素脑病或核黄疸。因此，在新生儿高胆红素血症时，对多种有机阴离子药物必需慎用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">结合胆红素经胆道随胆汁排入肠内，被细胞还原为尿（粪）胆素原。绝大部分尿（粪）胆素原随粪便排出，小部分（约1/10）被肠粘膜吸收经门静脉到达肝窦。到达肝窦的尿（粪）胆素原，大部分通过肝脏又重新随胆汁由胆道排出（肝肠循环），仅有小部分经体循环，通过肾脏排出。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在胆红素代谢过程中，任何一个环节发生了障碍，都将引起胆红素在血浆内含量升高，产生高胆红素血症（hyperbilirubinaemia）。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="生理功能" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>生理功能</h2>
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<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_6_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="抗氧化功���" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>抗氧化功能</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">体外试验表明胆红素可能是一种内源性的抗氧化剂。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_6_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="对肝细胞再生" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>对肝细胞再生</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">人体内胆红素与白蛋白的比例影响着肝细胞的再生。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_6_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="对中药的作用" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>对中药的作用</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在我国，胆红素一直作为人工牛黄的重要组成部分，胆红素生理功能的新发现，为我们从分子水平上阐述人工牛黄药理机制带来了曙光。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="异常代谢" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>异常代谢</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>未结合胆红素生成过多</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">这主要是由于红细胞本身的内有缺陷（如某些酶的缺乏或血红蛋白异常）或红细胞受外源性溶血因素的损害（如疟疾、免疫性溶血、蛇毒、苯胺等），造成大量红细胞破坏，产生大量的未结合胆红素，若超过了肝细胞的处理能力，则使血液中未结合胆红素增多，而出现黄疸。在一些贫血的病人，由于骨髓红细胞系统增生，骨髓内无效性红细胞生成增多，这种红细胞多在“原位”破坏，而未能进入血循环，或是进入血循环后红细胞生存的时间很短（数小时），而使未结合胆红素增多。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">由于红细胞破坏过多，使未结合胆红素增多而引起的黄疸，称为溶血性黄疸（hemolytic jaundice）。其胆色素代谢特点是：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">各型黄疸的胆色素代谢变化特点</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:250px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0/111875/0/a583631efbd89bae1ad5763a?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:250px;height:117px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D250/sign=8e2c5b419d16fdfadc6cc1eb848e8cea/c8177f3e6709c93d590cae9d9f3df8dcd00054d9.jpg"  alt="" style="width:250px;height:117px;"/>
</a>
</div>－正常　 增加↑ 　减少↓　 没有○</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．血清未结合胆红素增多由于肝脏对未结合胆红素的处理有很大的储备力，一般血清总胆红素含量不超过3－5毫克%。血清胆红素定性试验呈间接阳性反应。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．粪内尿（粪）胆素原增多这是由于肝脏加强制造结合胆红素，排入肠道的胆红素增多所致。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．尿内尿（粪）胆素原增多，胆红素阴性。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>肝细胞对胆红素摄取障碍</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肝细胞摄取未结合胆红素障碍，可见于下列原因：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．由于肝细胞受损害（如病毒性肝炎或药物中毒），使肝细胞摄取未结合胆红素的功能降低。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．新生儿肝脏的发育尚未完善，肝细胞内载体蛋白少，因而肝细胞摄取胆红素的能力不足。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．吉伯特（Gibert）氏病是一种先天性、非溶血性黄疸，它是由于肝细胞窦侧微绒毛对胆红素的摄取障碍所致。临床检验发现，这种病人的肝脏对未结合胆红素的清除能力只有正常人的1/3，其血清胆红素一般不超过3毫克%（在血清胆红素高于5毫克%和重型病例中，还发现肝组织内UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性降低）。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肝细胞摄取障碍的胆色素代谢特点是（表15－2）：血中未结合胆红素增高，血清胆红素定性试验呈间接阳性反应；尿内无胆红素；粪和尿排出的尿（粪）胆素原偏低。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>肝细胞内胆红素结合障碍</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肝细胞内胆红素结合障碍可见于下列原因：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．肝细胞受损害（如病毒性肝炎或药物中毒），使肝内葡萄糖醛酸生成减少或UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶受抑制。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．新生儿肝内UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶的生成不足（要在出生后10个月左右才渐趋完善）���而且母乳汁内的孕二醇，对UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶有抑制作用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．克里格勒—纳亚（Crigler-Najiar）二氏综合征：这是一种伴有核黄疸的新生儿非溶血性、家族性黄疸。用同位素标记胆红素所作的试验证明，肝脏不能使胆红素与葡萄糖醛酸结合。这是由于肝脏缺少UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶所致。这种黄疸危害性大，大多数患儿死于核黄疸（nuclear jaundice），或称胆红素脑病。因为未结合胆红素毒性比较大，高浓度的未结合胆红素有抑制氧化磷酸化作用。另外未结合胆红素是脂溶性的，和脂质多的组织亲和力大；再加上新生儿或婴幼儿血脑屏障发育还不完善，未结合胆红素容易透入脑组织，沉积在神经细胞内，特别是在大脑基底核、丘脑、海马被胆红素所深染（故称核黄疸），引起中枢神经系统功能障碍，表现为精神不振、嗜睡、肌肉张力降低或增强，甚至发生角弓反张、肌肉痉挛和强直。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肌细胞内胆红素结合障碍，胆色素的代谢特点</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（1）血清未结合胆红素增高（Grigler-Najiar二氏综合征Ⅰ型，UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶完全缺乏，血清未结合胆红素可高达25－45mg%），血清胆红素定性试验呈间接阳性反应。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（2）尿内无胆红素。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">（3）由于结合胆红素生成减少，因此，尿（粪）胆素原从粪和尿排出明显减少。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>肝细胞对胆红素分泌障碍</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肝细胞内结合胆红素是与胆固醇、胆汁酸盐、卵磷脂、水及电解质组成肝胆汁，通过高尔基复合体和微绒毛，分泌到毛细胆管的。“单纯的”或选择性胆红素分泌障碍是很少的。杜宾—约翰森（Dubin-Johnson）综合征和罗特（Rotor）综合征，是两种很相似的慢性特发性黄疸，可发生在同一家族中。其胆色素代谢特点是：血清内结合胆红素增多，呈直接阳性反应；尿中胆红素阳性。同时肝细胞对酚四溴酞钠（BSP）的排泄也有障碍，但胆汁酸盐分泌和胆流正常，没有胆汁淤积。目前认为可能是由于肝细胞对胆红素和带阴性离子异性染料的分泌有先天性缺陷，胆红素不能定向地向毛细胆管分泌而返流入血窦，使血清内结合胆红素增多<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="胆红素过高" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>胆红素过高</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="8" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">一、胆红素偏高可能是由肝脏疾病引起的。因为当肝细胞发生病变、或因肝细胞肿胀时(多是患有急性黄疸型肝炎、急性黄色肝坏死、慢性活动性肝炎、肝硬化等肝脏疾患造成的)，可导致肝内的胆管受压，排泄胆汁受阻，从而即可引起血中胆红素偏高的现象，而发生肝细胞性黄疸(表现为直接胆红素与间接胆红素均升高)。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">二、胆红素偏高也可能是胆道系统疾病引起的。当肝外的胆道系统发生肿瘤或出现结石，而将胆道阻塞时，胆汁不能顺利的排泄，即可引起胆红素偏高，而发生阻塞性黄��。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_8_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="偏高体症" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆���素</span>偏高体症</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">据研究表明，胆红素的颜色为橙黄色，并且当血液中的胆红素偏高时，则会表现为巩膜发黄、皮肤发黄、黏膜以及其他组织和体液发黄，出现黄染。具体来讲就是：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、当血清胆红素浓度远远高于胆红素正常值时，皮肤、眼睛、尿液呈现黄色，即黄疸。其中肝脏发生炎症、坏死、中毒等损害时均可以引起黄疸，胆道疾病及溶血性疾病也可以引起黄疸。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、如果胆红素的值在17.1—34.2μmol/L之间，肉眼看不到黄疸，叫隐性黄疸。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3、如果胆红素的值大于34.2μmol/L，肉眼能看到眼睛发黄、皮肤发黄、尿液发黄，叫显性黄疸。总胆红素的值越高，黄疸越重。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_8_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="偏高原因" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>偏高原因</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:161px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0/111875/0/c8ab0bce69e93051b600c880?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:161px;height:220px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=ec266269a18b87d65442ac1d37092860/d6ca7bcb0a46f21fe1338e0bf6246b600c33ae67.jpg"  alt="" style="width:161px;height:220px;"/>
</a>
</div>人的红细胞的寿命一般为120天。红细胞死亡后变成间接胆红素（I-Bil），经肝脏转化为直接胆红素（D-Bil），组成胆汁，排入胆道，最后经大便排出。这就是肝脏内胆红素的正常转化。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">但是如果出现其他疾病，则会导致肝脏代谢异常，进而间接胆红素无法正常转化为直接胆红素，导致血清中胆红素偏高。此时可能发生溶血性黄疸；当肝细胞发生病变时，或者因胆红素不能正常地转化成胆汁，或者因肝细胞肿胀，使肝内的胆管受压，排泄胆汁受阻，使血中的胆红素升高，这时就发生了肝细胞性黄疸；一旦肝外的胆道系统发生肿瘤或出现结石，将胆道阻塞，胆汁不能顺利排泄，而��生<b>阻塞性黄疸</b>。肝炎患者的黄疸一般为肝细胞性黄疸，也就是说直接胆红素与间接胆红素均升高，而淤胆型肝炎的患者以直接胆红素升高为主。那么从病理上讲，导致血液中胆红素偏高的情况主要包括以下几种：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、总胆红素、直接胆红素增高：肝内及肝外阻塞性黄疸，胰头癌，毛细胆管型肝炎及其他胆汁瘀滞综合征等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、总胆红素、间接胆红素增高：溶血性贫血，血型不合输血，恶性疾病，新生儿黄疸等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素都增高：急性黄疸型肝炎，慢性活动性肝炎，肝硬化，中毒性肝炎等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4、间接胆红素偏高，体内的红细胞破坏过多，会使肝脏不能完全把间接胆红素转化为直接胆红素，导致体内间接胆红素偏高，引起间接胆红素偏高常见原因有溶血性贫血、输血时血型不合、新生儿黄疸等；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5、直接胆红素偏高，若肝细胞受损，直接胆红素不能正常转化为胆汁，或是胆汁排泄受阻，都会引起直接胆红素偏高，引起直接胆红素偏高的常见病因有肝内及肝外阻塞性黄疸、胰头癌、毛��胆管型肝炎及其他胆汁瘀滞综合征等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_8_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="偏高危害" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>偏高危害</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">胆红素是血液中红血球的血红素代谢后的废弃物。若是血清中胆红素过高时，预示肝脏病变或胆管阻塞等异常讯息，血清胆红素的数值的高低代表着异常的严重程度。如果红细胞破坏过多，产生的间接胆红素过多，这样就会使得肝脏不能完全把它转化为直接胆红素，进而发生溶血性黄疸。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">胆红素不能正常地转化成胆汁、肝细胞发生病变、肝细胞肿胀、肝内的胆管受压或排泄胆汁受阻都会使得血中的胆红素升高，进而发生肝细胞性黄疸；肝外的胆道系统发生肿瘤或结石，胆道阻塞，胆汁不能顺利排泄，进而发生阻塞性黄疸。肝炎患者的黄疸主要为肝细胞性黄疸。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1）溶血性黄疸。由于一些溶血性疾病，可以使红细胞破坏过多，导致血中的间接胆红素增多。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2）肝细胞性黄疸。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">间接胆红素偏高的危害：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1）红细胞破坏过多。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2）间接胆红素可透过细胞膜，对细胞有毒害作用，不能通过肾脏排出体外。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3）间接胆红素偏高说明肝脏的代偿能力低下或者肝脏出现了问题。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">直接胆红素偏高的危害：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1）直接胆红素偏高通常是由肝脏疾病引起，常见有急性黄疸型肝炎，急性黄色肝坏死，慢性活动性肝炎，肝硬化等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2）如果患者体内红细胞破坏过多，产生的间接胆红素过多，这样就会使得肝脏不能完全把它转化为直接胆红素，便会发生溶血性黄疸。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">总胆红素偏高的危害：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1）总胆红素偏高引起肝脏疾病，急性黄疸型肝炎、急性肝坏死、慢性活动性肝炎、肝硬化等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2）总胆红素偏高引起的肝外疾病，溶血型黄疸、新生儿黄疸、胆石症、胰头症等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_8_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="偏高治疗" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="8-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>偏高治疗</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">建议胆红素高的患者去医院做进一步检查以明确，根据具体的情况制定用药方案。比如对乙肝患者胆红素高的治疗，需要检查肝功能、HBVDNA等，根据检查结果进行抗病毒治疗或者保肝降黄治疗。此外，也建议胆红素高的患者养成良好的生活习惯，在日常生活中注意以下几个方面:</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、饮食宜清淡，多吃豆类制品、鱼类、蔬菜、水果等含有大量的维生素A、B、C、E、有较好的抗氧化功能且易消化吸收的食物，不要吃过多甜食，禁酒。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、宜多食海鲜、香菇、芝麻、核桃、大枣、瘦肉及动物肝脏等食物。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3、饭后宜卧床休息1-2小时，保证肝脏得到充足的血液供应，有利于肝细胞修复和再生，帮助恢复肝功能。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">需要注意的是，胆红素高的患者在治疗过程中要注意定期复查肝功能等，观察治疗效果，及时调整治疗方案<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="婴儿胆红素高" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>婴儿胆红素高</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="9" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_9_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="正常值" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="9-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>正常值</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿胆红素的正常值的范围是总胆红素3.4～17.1μmol/L，直接胆红素在0～6.8μmol/L以下，间接胆红素在1.7～10.2μmol/L以下。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿胆红素临界值的范围：总胆红素的临界值是1.3～1.5mg/dl，若婴儿超过此数值即可视为异常。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿胆红素正常生理期的波动范围：婴儿出生24小时后血清胆红素可由出生时的17～51μmol/L逐步上升到86μmol/L或以上，临床上出现黄疸但无其它症状，1～2周内自动消退，即为婴儿胆红素正常的生理性黄疸期。婴儿生理性黄疸的血清胆红素足月儿不超过204μmol/L早产儿不超过255μmol/L，并注意及预防胆红素脑病的发生。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_9_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="生理性黄疸" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="9-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>生理性黄疸</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿刚出生24-72小时之后，出现巩膜、皮肤、尿液黄，间接胆红素偏高，此时婴儿精神好，吃奶旺盛，不哭不闹，一周之后逐渐减轻，两周内消退干净，早产儿一般3周内消退，黄疸出的晚，退得早，这属于正常现象，爸爸妈妈们都不必担忧。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_9_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="病理性黄疸" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="9-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>病理性黄疸</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿出生一天内，出现黄疸，间接胆红素偏高，并且此时精神不佳、拒奶、哭闹，两周之后不退，需要到医院进行检查，根据病情进行治疗<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="10" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="注意事项" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>注意事项</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="10" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">胆红素偏高患者应饮食宜清淡，且富有营养。如豆类制品，鱼类、蔬菜、水果等，含有大量的维生素A、B、C、E、有较好的抗氧化功能且易消化吸收。宜多食香菇、芝麻、核桃、大枣、瘦肉，但胆红素偏高患者应不宜食用动物肝脏类食物。乙肝患者出现胆红素偏高的时候一定要引起重视，及时到正规肝病医院进行治疗。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">胆红素偏高患者应忌饮酒，酒精中的乙醇对肝脏的伤害是最直接，也是最大的。研究表明，重度饮酒者中80%以上有一定程度的脂肪肝，10%至30%可发展为酒精性肝炎，10%至20%将发展为肝硬化。平时应多饮水，喝水可以补充体液，增强血液循环，促进新陈代谢，多喝水还能够促进腺体，胆红素偏高患者特别是消化腺和胰液、胆汁的分泌，这样利于消化、吸收和废物的排除，可以减少代谢产物和毒素对肝脏造成的的损害。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">胆红素偏高患者应适量的运动可以让身体的新陈代谢，血液循环增强，帮助肝肾代谢的废物，比较快地排泄出去--流汗，这样对胆红素偏高患者身体健康有好处，还可以提高人体抵抗疾病的能力，所以胆红素偏高患者平时要多户外活动，如散步、踏青、打球、打太极拳等，但要注意肝不好的人不宜剧烈运动。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="11" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_11" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="化学品" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>化学品</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="11" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="11_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_11_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="分子结构数据" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="11-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>分子结构数据</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、 摩尔折射率：168.37</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、 摩尔体积（cm3/mol）：425.3</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3、 等张比容（90.2K）：1249.7</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4、 表面张力（dyne/cm）：74.5</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5、 极化率（10-24cm3）：66.74<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2">
[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="11_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_11_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="计算化学数据" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="11-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>计算化学数据</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、 疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：1.8</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、 氢键供体数量���5</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3、 氢键受体数量：7</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4、 可旋转化学键数量：12</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5、 拓扑分子极性表面积（TPSA）：161</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6、 重原子数量：43</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">7、 表面电荷：0</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">8、 复杂度：1470</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">9、 同位素原子数量：0</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">10、 确定原子立构中心数量：0</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">11、 不确定原子立构中心数量：0</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">12、 确定化学键立构中心数量：0</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">13、 不确定化学键立构中心数量：0</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">14、 共价键单元数量：1<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2">
[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="11_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_11_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="物理化学性质" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="11-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>物理化学性质</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">红色或棕红色粉末，不溶于水，可溶于苯、氯仿及二硫化碳等有机溶剂中，微溶于乙醇和乙醚，胆红素也可溶解在热的乙醇与氯仿的混合液中，胆红素的钠盐易溶于水，但钙盐、镁盐、钡盐，则不溶于水。胆红素为淡橙色或深红棕色的单斜晶体。其干燥固体较稳定，氯仿溶液置暗处也较稳定，在碱液中（如0.1mmol/L 氢氧化钠）或遇三价铁离子则不稳定，很快被氧化为胆绿素。胆红素可与甘氨酸、丙氨酸或组氨酸结合。加血清蛋白、维生素或EDTA可使胆红素稳定。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="11_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_11_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="合成方法" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="11-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>合成方法</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">将新鲜的猪胆汁，在搅拌下加入3～3.5倍量的澄清饱和石灰水中，搅拌均匀，pH值为11～12，加热至50℃时出现的泡沫用纱布撇去，继续加热至沸，保持2min，冷却，过滤，得钙盐。于钙盐中加入适量水，捣成糊状，过30～40目筛，加入1%的亚硫酸氢钠。然后在搅拌下缓缓滴加1∶1工业盐酸液，至pH=1～2，静置05h。用双层纱布沥去酸水，得泥状物。泥状物中加入适量95%的乙醇捣成稀糊状，再加入约20kg95%的乙醇和10g亚硫酸氢钠的水溶液，充分搅拌均匀。得到的乙醇液pH值在3.0～3.5之间，于约3℃静置沉淀18h。虹吸去除上层乙醇，于下层中加入45～50℃温水，静置分层，得富集胆红素的漂浮物（即浮于液面物），虹吸去除下层废水。于漂浮物中加入氯仿约30kg，回流提取2h。将提取液置分液器中分层，下层氯仿液过滤后，于常压下蒸发出氯仿。再于残余物中加入适量95%的乙醇，继续蒸发至馏出乙醇中不带氯仿味，过滤，用温乙醇和乙醚清洗，抽干，干燥，即得胆红素成品<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2">
[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_1570">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="11_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub1570_11_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="用途说明" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="11-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">胆红素</span>用途说明</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">一种血红素分解的主要组分；胆汁的主要色素；具有抗氧剂以及有效的过氧化氢基清除剂的功能，保护���胞膜脂质免于这些活性基的氧化作用。 胆红素具备多种药理作用，是制造人工牛黄的主要原料。药理实验证明，它对W256瘤有较好的抑制作用，对乙型脑炎病毒的灭活率、抑制指数比去氧胆酸和胆酸高1～1.5倍；它还是一种有效的肝脏疾病的治疗药物，在不破坏肝组织的情况下，有增殖新细胞的作用，可治疗血清肝炎、肝硬变等病，此外，胆红素具有镇静、镇惊、解热、降压。促进红血球新生等作用。</div>
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<strong>吴一波</strong>
<span>中国科普作家协会会员，健康科普达人</span>
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<p class="title"><a href="/tashuo/browse/content?id=a079f3de5700e920d7a44b39&lemmaId=&fromLemmaModule=pcBottom" target="_blank">新生儿黄疸是什么原因引起的？与胆红素有什么关系？</a>
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简单来说，新生儿黄疸，又称高胆红素血症，是新生儿的常见症状之一，一般情况下是因血液中胆红素浓度过高所致。</a>
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<span class="tashuo-publish-date">2018-04-14</span><span class="tashuo-like J-like " data-isvote="0"><i></i><strong class="J-number">51</strong></span>
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<span class="index">1.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_1_1570" id="refIndex_1_1570" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_1570">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
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<span class="site">．医学百科</span><span>&#91;引用日期2017-11-05&#93;</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[2]-1570-wrap">
<span class="index">2.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_2_1570" id="refIndex_2_1570" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[2]_1570">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
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<span class="site">．物竞化学品数据库</span><span>&#91;引用日期2017-11-05&#93;</span></li></ul>
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<a target="_blank" href="/wikitag/taglist?tagId=76613">科学百科化学分类</a>
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，<span class="taglist">
疾病
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，<span class="taglist">
医学术语
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，<span class="taglist">
医学
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<span class="title-index">8.2</span>
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                        if (res.data.edit) {
                            $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .add-subLemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                            $('.top-tool .add-sub-icon').css('display', 'inline-block');
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ('1') {
                            $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .add-subLemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                            $('.top-tool .add-sub-icon').css('display', 'inline-block');
                        }
                    }
                });
                require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/addSub/addSub.js')({                    lemmaId: '111875',                    lemmaTitle: '胆红素',                    lemmaDesc: '',                    versionId: '128773789',                    subLemmaId: '1570'                });
            }();
!function(){        var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
        var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

        // 展现策略
        rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data.divide) {
                    $('.top-tool .split-icon').css('display', 'block');
                }
            }
        });
    }();
!function(){    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/collect/collect"],function(collect){
		collect({
            newLemmaId:"111875",
			lemmaId:"1570",
			subLemmaId:"1570"
		});
	});
}();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/topShare/topShare"],function(topShare){
        topShare({
            newLemmaId: '111875'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名��证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
    nslog(10002701);
    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
           nslog(10002702);
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('111875', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
		var list=new AlbumList({
			newLemmaId:"111875",
			lemmaTitle:"胆红素",
			lemmaId:"1570",
			subLemmaId:"1570",
			data:{"582703":{"coverpic":"d31b0ef41bd5ad6ebf37258081cb39dbb7fd3c89","desc":"\u80c6\u7ea2\u7d20\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e0e\u9ec4\u75b8","albumTag":"null","height":960,"width":1280,"total":4,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss2.bdstatic.com\/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=ae4c18db800a19d8cf03830606fb82c9\/d31b0ef41bd5ad6ebf37258081cb39dbb7fd3c89.jpg"},"0":{"coverpic":"bd3eb13533fa828b798d6f35f71f4134960a5abe","width":474,"height":444,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":6,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=66ab5cb645c2d562f608d7eed21090f3\/bd3eb13533fa828b798d6f35f71f4134960a5abe.jpg"}}
		});
		!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
			dom:$('.album-list'),
			loadFunc:function(){
				list.load();
				nslog(1258);
			},
			distance:500
		});
	});
}();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/tashuo/tashuo"],function(init){
        init();
    });
}();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert'], function(init) {
            init({ // 关系化统计需求--传参  shangwenbin
                lemmaId: "1570",
                newLemmaId: "111875",
                subLemmaId: "1570",
                lemmaTitle: "胆红素"
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"1570"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"111875",
				lemmaTitle:"胆红素",
				reference:[{"type":"1","title":"\u80c6\u7ea2\u7d20","url":"\/redirect\/4631w-CbZ9V4_EzWpS8bQRawzPqzyHhIObkA-zyygz3JlhFb_EBmvuFFUD4UNf3zL0TpAkDbfDS6S_dZpO5Cox98","site":"\u533b\u5b66\u767e\u79d1","publishDate":"","refDate":"2017-11-05","index":1},{"type":"1","title":"\u80c6\u7ea2\u7d20","url":"\/redirect\/2f67w46q44VnNZp1320Ari8JKdCnz7pLtvMq6mgZwbN1EFvQJ3doiyfYpPufAWCWpOv93Cvgf9YzC7I5nirK5EYCOg","site":"\u7269\u7ade\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u6570\u636e\u5e93","publishDate":"","refDate":"2017-11-05","index":2}]
			});
		});
	}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
            function openTagToggle(node) {
                if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){    var $ = require("wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery");
    
    var slider = {
        init: function() {
            this.control = $("#professional_control");
            this.prev = this.control.find(".J-prev");
            this.next = this.control.find(".J-next");
            this.el = $("#professional_list");
            this.view = this.el.find(".J-slider");
            this.items = this.view.find("ul");
            this.itemWidth = this.items.eq(0).innerWidth();
            this.initStatus();
            this.bindEvents();
        },
        initStatus: function() {
            this.view.css({
                width: this.items.length*this.itemWidth+"px",
                position: "absolute"
            });
            this.setHeight(0);
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.changeControllers(0);
        },
        bindEvents: function() {
            var self = this, index = 0;
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.next.on("click", function() {
                if ( self.items.length-1 === index ) return;
                index++;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
            this.prev.on("click", function() {
                if ( index == 0 ) return;
                index--;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
        },
        setHeight: function(index) {
            this.el.height( this.items.eq(index).innerHeight() );
        },
        goAni: function(index) {
            this.view.animate({
                left: index === 0 ? 0 : "-"+this.itemWidth*index+"px"
            });
        },
        changeControllers: function(index) {
            var disabledClass = "pro-control-disable";
            this.prev.removeClass(disabledClass);
            this.next.removeClass(disabledClass);
            if ( index === 0 ) {
                this.prev.addClass(disabledClass);
            } else if ( index === this.items.length-1 ) {
                this.next.addClass(disabledClass);
            }
        }
    };
    slider.init();
}();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightTashuo/rightTashuo"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId: 111875,
            lemmaTitle: '胆红素'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            111875,
            '胆红素'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"472f163d65802a1af4e45092"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "111875",
                lemmaTitle: "胆红素",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%B5%A8%BA%EC%CB%D8",
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '胆红素',
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){            require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/bottomAd/bottomAd'], function (init) {
                init({
                    sId: 'BOTTOM_PRO_AD',
                    adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
                });
            });
        }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('胆红素') + '/' + '111875';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=111875';

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00，因审核系统例行维护，您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过，望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务，推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”，官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改，其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容，请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起，您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起，该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起，消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>四级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>六级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到���上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误，请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('111875', '胆红素', '胆红素', '128773789', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main'});
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在此填写您的质疑内容及原因哦～'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"1570",
            subLemmaId:"1570",
            newLemmaId:"111875"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '胆红素',
            desc: "\u80c6\u7ea2\u7d20\u662f\u80c6\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u80c6\u6c41\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8272\u7d20\uff0c\u5448\u6a59\u9ec4\u8272\u3002\u80c6\u7ea2\u7d20\u662f\u4f53\u5185\u94c1\u535f\u5549\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee3\u8c22\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u6297\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u4e9a\u6cb9\u9178\u548c\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u3002\u80c6\u7ea2\u7d20\u662f\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u5224\u5b9a\u9ec4\u75b8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u809d\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\u3002",
            pic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=4f7cb120adefce1bea2bcfcc9750f3e8\/bd3eb13533fa828b798d6f35f71f4134960a5abe.jpg',
            url: '',
            qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss3.bdstatic.com\/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D444%2C444%2C50\/sign=345770a349a98226b8947867ecbf8d35\/bd3eb13533fa828b798d6f35f71f4134960a5abe.jpg',
            newLemmaId: '111875',
            lemmaTitle: '胆红素'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "1570",
            newLemmaId: "111875",
            subLemmaId: "1570",
            lemmaTitle: "胆红素"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv（小流量）
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各��块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求行为）
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = {"3":{"tagId":76613,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b"},"0":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u75be\u75c5"},"1":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed"},"2":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66"}};
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 111875,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求成功）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求失败）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

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